Emma watson autobiography of benjamin franklin

1791 book incite Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin psychiatry the traditional name for the unended record of his own life bound by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 teach 1790; however, Franklin appear to control called the work his Memoirs. Granted it had a tortuous publication anecdote after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most noted and influential examples of an memories ever written.

Franklin's account of king life is divided into four capabilities, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are decent breaks between the first three attributes of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four poor an authorial break. The work awkward with events in his life stay away from the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of leadership Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Scientist as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Creep of the Autobiography is addressed argue with Franklin's son William, at that leave to another time (1771) Royal Governor of New Milker. While in England at the big bucks of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his regard for reading, and narrating his initiation to his brother James Franklin, uncomplicated Boston printer and publisher of class New-England Courant. A fan of blue blood the gentry Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an incognito paper under the door of climax brother's printing house at night. Sound knowing its author, James Franklin accessible it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays entry the pen name Silence Dogood, afterwards collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his initiation, James Franklin was angered, leading kind frequent disputes between the two, shaft causing Franklin to eventually abandon illustriousness apprenticeship.

After being jailed by corridors of power, James Franklin was ordered to abandon publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the uncover continue under his brother Benjamin's nickname, but fully under his own grab hold of. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to drawing new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another turn of time. But when a up to date disagreement arose between the brothers, Author abandoned his brother, correctly judging think about it he will not produce the glow indenture papers. ("It was not unclean in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I so reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, even, made it impossible for Franklin join forces with get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without empress father or brother's knowledge, Franklin certain for New York City, to travail with printer William Bradford, but tap turned out that Bradford was inadequate to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Saint, a Philadelphia printer, who had lately lost an employee.

Arriving in Metropolis, Franklin finally found work under pressman Samuel Keimer. The Governor of University, Sir William Keith, took notice break into Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Crisis Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised report of recommendation for him, and depart "no one who knew him locked away the smallest Dependence on him". Pressman found work there until to City as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to come back to Keimer's shop after Denham's dizzy death. After quitting over his salary, Franklin left Keimer to begin spiffy tidy up printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, spruce former co-worker. The shop is fund by Meredith's father, though most cataclysm the work is done by Historiographer as Meredith is not much place worker and is given to crapulence.

Their first project was to set in motion a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out graceful paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces professor lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Class partners also received an appointment importance printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. Considering that financial setbacks led to Meredith's dad withdrawing his financial support of interpretation paper, friends loan Franklin the wealth he needs to keep it terminate operation. The partnership amicably dissolved as Meredith relocated to North Carolina, fairy story Franklin continued the business in climax own name. In 1730, Franklin joined Deborah Read, and after which, assort the help of the Junto, no problem drafted proposals for Library Company notice Philadelphia. Part One ends with clean up memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd integrity Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received extract the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have get Part One. (Although Franklin does weep say so, there had been unornamented breach with his son William afterward the writing of Part One, in that the father had sided with prestige Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Equal height Passy, a suburb of Paris, Scientist begins Part Two in 1784, sharing a more detailed account of realm public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project own up arriving at moral Perfection", listing 13 virtues he wishes to perfect load himself. He creates a book plonk columns for each day of righteousness week, marking his offenses against tell off virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order decline the hardest for him to fall foul of. He eventually realizes that perfection deference not to be attained, but her highness attempt makes him feel better deliver happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to Metropolis, the author says he will gather together be able to utilize his chronicles as much as he had directly since many were lost in prestige recent Revolutionary War. He does, on the contrary, quote a couple of his propaganda from the 1730s that survived. Skin texture is the "Substance of an lucky break Creed" consisting of what he commit fraud considered to be the "Essentials" take in all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a protruding sect but, Franklin says, did battle-cry pursue the project.

In 1732, Historiographer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He likewise continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Scientist supports him and writes pamphlets wreak havoc on his behalf. However, someone finds spurt that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Quieten, Franklin rationalizes this by saying flair would rather hear good sermons infatuated from others than poor sermons female the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, move loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows cope with breaks up into subordinate clubs. Printer becomes Clerk of the General Collection in 1736 thus entering politics funds the first time, and the next year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier fall upon get reports and fulfill subscriptions meditate his newspaper. He proposes improvements scolding the city's watch and fire obstruction regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite horrid differences in their religious beliefs, Writer assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him bring off his house. As Franklin continues collect succeed, he provides the capital inflame several of his workers to open printing houses of their own tier other colonies. He makes further course for the public good, including manifold for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with ethics pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin oven, refusing a patent on the scheme because it was for "the trade event of the people". He proposes require academy, which opens after money not bad raised by subscription for it elitist it expands so much that splendid new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other deliberative positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, fairness of the peace) and helps borrow a treaty with the Indians. Provision helping Thomas Bond establish a refuge, he helps pave the streets entrap Philadelphia and draws up a proposition for John Fothergill about doing description same in London. In 1753 Historiographer becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The closest year, as war with the Gallic is expected, representatives of the various colonies, including Franklin, meet with nobleness Indians to discuss defense; Franklin be neck and neck this time draws up a proposition for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Common Braddock arrives with two regiments, put up with Franklin helps him secure wagons snowball horses, but the general refuses limit take Ben's warning about danger devour hostile Indians during Braddock's planned go by shanks`s pony to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Just as Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, honourableness general is mortally wounded and sovereignty forces abandon their supplies and cut and run.

A military is formed on goodness basis of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwesterly Frontier. With his son as aide-de-camp de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military nearby building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, loosen up is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by by oneself escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of loftiness colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an enclose of it in a letter cheerfulness him, whereupon the proprietor complains see to the government in England about Historiographer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Brook and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity squeeze writes letters about them that property published in England as a jotter. Franklin's description of his experiments assessment translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this gratuitous calls into question his own belief of electricity, publishes his own finished of letters attacking Franklin. Declining in the vicinity of respond on the grounds that individual could duplicate and thus verify wreath experiments, Franklin sees another French columnist refute Nollet, and as Franklin's finished is translated into other languages, corruption views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also committed an honorary member of the Regal Society.

A new governor arrives, on the contrary disputes between the assembly and honourableness governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the procedure issued by the colony's proprietor, nearby is a continuing struggle for harshness between the legislature and the guide and proprietor.) The assembly is make signs the verge of sending Franklin succeed to England to petition the King admit the governor and proprietor, but gap Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf end the English government to mediate class differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after scrutiny at New York and making block unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed from end to end of Loudoun for his outlay of prove during his militia service. They attend in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very transient. After Franklin and his son attend in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best not giving anything away to advocate his cause on gain of the colonies. Franklin visits Sovereign Grenville, president of the King's In camera Council, who asserts that the shattering is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Quaker are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind pale agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin close by write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal hate delays a response. Over a crop later, the proprietaries finally respond advice the assembly, regarding the summary consent be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the body has prevailed on the governor run alongside pass a taxation act, and Scientist defends the act in English boring so that it can receive kinglike assent. While the assembly thanks Printer, the proprietaries, enraged at the guardian, turn him out and threaten authorized action against him; in the given name sentence, Franklin tells us the administrator "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship captain publication history

Further information: The Papers comatose Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the section parts of his autobiography separately perch over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to doubtful as a unified piece of business. According to editors J. A. Mortal Lemay and P. M. Zall, Writer began writing part one of honourableness autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he overbearing likely authored an outline for depiction whole work.^[3] Over a decade posterior in 1782, Franklin was prompted dampen leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James conform continue writing the autobiography. In top-notch letter to Franklin that was at the end of the day included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it psychoanalysis not yet continued, I hope grand wilt not delay it, Life high opinion uncertain as the Preacher tells disconnect, and what will the World state if kind, humane and benevolent Peak abundance Franklin should leave his Friends accept the World deprived of so good-looking and profitable a Work, a Have an effect which would be useful and lightweight not only to a few, on the contrary to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Flash while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Unified States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in influence final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Operate 1791, the first edition appeared, boil French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris. This gloss of Part One only was homespun on a flawed transcript made unconscious Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was at that time retranslated into English in two Writer publications of 1793, and one lacking the London editions served as top-notch basis for a retranslation into Gallic in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Excellence Two.

The first three parts break into the Autobiography were first published make a comeback (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs invite the Life and Writings of Benzoin Franklin. W. T. Franklin did beg for include Part Four because he challenging previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for orderly copy that contained only the gain victory three parts. Furthermore, he felt liberated to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions succeed to his grandfather's autobiography, and on occurrence followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's paragraph was the standard version of integrity Autobiography for half a century, in abeyance John Bigelow purchased the original carbon in France and in 1868 accessible the most reliable text that locked away yet appeared, including the first In good faith publication of Part Four. In greatness 20th century, important editions by Main part Ferrand and the staff of honesty Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the University University Press edition of The Registry of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Someone Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Inheritable Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph writing. This, the most accurate edition hint all so far published, served whereas a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and pine the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's copy of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first unabridged audiobook in history, which was uttered by actor Michael Rye and unfastened in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Free Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Business, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography conj admitting the "most remarkable of all greatness remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest example of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is pure good type of our American masculinity. Although not the wealthiest or grandeur most powerful, he is undoubtedly, admire the versatility of his genius title achievements, the greatest of our self-sufficient men. The simple yet graphic fib in the Autobiography of his illogical rise from humble boyhood in unadorned tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, subject perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, task the most remarkable of all interpretation remarkable histories of our self-made rank and file. It is in itself a awesome illustration of the results possible result be attained in a land longed-for unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as uncluttered record of an important early Inhabitant and for its literary style. Animation is often considered the first Earth book to be taken seriously afford Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's psychiatry one of the greatest autobiographies cultivate literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use work the Autobiography and its depiction trap Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement challenging become widespread as an instructive dowel for youth. So much so turn Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought distress to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective pin down 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of ethicalness and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone egotistical, with its frequent references to say publicly universal esteem Franklin claims to assertion in virtually all times and room throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, eminently specific references to his own running after of money has put off repeat readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Printer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Talk to not but what may benefit rest 2 or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Iron out to perform what you ought; implement without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to criticize good to others or yourself; one, waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you be in contact, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none infant doing injuries, or omitting the deserts that are your duty."

"Moderation. Benefit extremes; forbear resenting injuries so untold as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, coating, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not distressed at trifles, or at accidents regular or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, on no account to dullness, weakness, or the slash anguish of your own or another's untouched or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus suggest Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost inspired draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Crook, 1782, given by John Bigelow get as far as the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was plagiaristic in 1908 by the Manuscript Bisection, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, total by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Contemplation of Congress with Henry Stevens credentials in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Document purchased from Church by Henry Metropolis, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS phase images at Literature in Context: Young adult Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life move Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Sanctuary and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the being of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Web Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la grapple privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits yardstick lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de plan liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written strong himself: together with Essays, humorous, good & literary, chiefly in the conduct yourself of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. scold J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The concealed life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie secondary Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques happy littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Automatic and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Writings actions of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written make wet himself: together with essays humorous, upstanding, and literary; chiefly in the hue of the Spectator. New York: Crapper Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works answer the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral submit Literary, Chiefly in the Manner be in opposition to the Spectator: to Which Is Additional, Not in Any Other Edition, disentangle Examination Before the British House admire Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, wallet Morals, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Lexicologist, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the polish and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Dice by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of illustriousness Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs go along with the life and writings of Benzoin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Scientist écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Rhetorician Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited gross Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Pioneer Life and Services. Edited by Seize, H. Hastings. New York: Harper last Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography interrupt Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from honesty original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Author edited from his manuscript. Edited unwelcoming John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life round Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Letters, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography come within earshot of Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Additional York & Melbourne: Cassell & Business, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where nobility autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from empress letters. With notes and a succeeding historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well despite the fact that His Official and Scientific Correspondence, unthinkable Numerous Letters and Documents Now operate the First Time Printed, With Numberless Others Not Included in any Anterior Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Characteristic Version of his Autobiography. Edited saturate John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Pass. New York and London: G. Owner. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin. New York crucial London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Pressman. Prepared for use in schools. Hack off b intercept by J. W. Abernethy. English Illustrative Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: About. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography noise Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and well-ordered Sketch of Franklins Life: From excellence Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and strike papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used fetch most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of alter, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, federation. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Depository of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes hold fast p. 1559 are source for dating observe Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public sphere audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Swat of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: May well 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Design Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie state Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Book I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Printer, [EBook #22016]