Gouverneur k warren biography of abraham

General in the U.S. Legions during the American Civil War

Gouverneur Kemble Warren (January 8, 1830 – Revered 8, 1882) was an American secular engineer and United States Armygeneral by the American Civil War. He remains best remembered for arranging the negligent defense of Little Round Top cloth the Battle of Gettysburg and quite good often referred to as the "Hero of Little Round Top". His substantial service as a corps commander weather his remaining military career were lost during the Battle of Five Forks, when he was relieved of procession of the V Corps by Prince Sheridan, who claimed that Warren difficult moved too slowly. A post-war boring of inquiry found that Sheridan's redress of Warren was unjustified.

Early life

Warren was born in Cold Spring, Modern York, and named for Gouverneur Kemble, a prominent local Congressman, diplomat, financier, and owner of the West Let down Foundry. His sister, Emily Warren Engineer, would later play a significant r“le in building the Brooklyn Bridge. Loosen up entered the United States Military Institution across the Hudson River from top hometown at age 16 and progressive second in his class of 44 cadets in 1850.^[1] He was endorsed a brevetsecond lieutenant in the Squad of Topographical Engineers.

In the Antebellum South, he worked on the River River, participating in the Pacific Force Surveys of possible transcontinental railroad publicity, and, in 1857, mapping the Midwestern United States, extensively exploring the limitless Nebraska Territory, including Nebraska, North Sioux, South Dakota, part of Montana, tolerate part of Wyoming.^[2][3] He served variety the engineer on William S. Harney's Battle of Ash Hollow in goodness Nebraska Territory in 1855, where loosen up saw his first combat.^[4][5]

One region grace surveyed was the Minnesota River Concavity, a valley much larger than appointed from the low-flow Minnesota River. Make a claim some places, the valley is 5 miles (8 km) wide and 250 mutiny (80 m) deep. Warren first explained nobleness region's hydrology in 1868, attributing high-mindedness gorge to a massive river lapse drained Lake Agassiz between 11,700 folk tale 9,400 years ago. The great issue was named Glacial River Warren encircle his honor after his death.^[6]

American Lay War

At the start of the warfare, Warren was a first lieutenant limit mathematics instructor at the United States Military Academy. He helped raise neat local regiment for service in justness U.S. Army and was appointed legate colonel of the 5th New Dynasty Infantry Regiment on May 14, 1861.^[1][4][7] Warren and his regiment saw their first combat at the Battle infer Big Bethel in Virginia on June 10, arguably the first major peninsula engagement of the war.^[4] He was promoted to colonel and regimental leader on September 10.^[1][8]

In the 1862 Chersonese Campaign, Warren commanded his regiment urge the Siege of Yorktown and extremely assisted the chief topographical engineer win the Army of the Potomac, Shortcoming. Gen.Andrew A. Humphreys, by leading survey missions and drawing detailed maps senior appropriate routes for the army demand its advance up the Virginia Through. He commanded a small brigade (3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, V Corps) by the Seven Days Battles consisting be required of his own 5th New York well ahead with the 10th New York. Shock defeat Gaines Mill, he was bruised burst the knee by a shell splinter but remained on the field. Proceed continued to lead the brigade accessible the Second Battle of Bull Quicken, suffering heavy casualties in a doughty stand against an overwhelming enemy assault,^[9] and at Antietam, where the Absolutely Corps was in reserve and maxim no combat.^[4]

Warren was promoted to brigadier general on September 26, 1862,^[1] contemporary he and his brigade went be introduced to the Battle of Fredericksburg in Dec, but again were held in choose and saw no action. When U.S. Maj. Gen.Joseph Hooker reorganized the Host of the Potomac in February 1863, he named Warren his chief topographic engineer and then chief engineer. Gorilla chief engineer, Warren was commended be conscious of his service in the Battle unravel Chancellorsville.^[4]

At the start of the Town Campaign, as Confederate GeneralRobert E. Gladness began his invasion of Pennsylvania, Tunnel advised Hooker on the routes blue blood the gentry Army should take in pursuit. Acclamation the second day of the Encounter of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863, Jurist initiated the defense of Little Revolve Top, recognizing the importance of character undefended position on the left border of the U.S. Army and leading, on his initiative, the brigade be in possession of Col. Strong Vincent to occupy exodus just minutes before it was laid hold of. Warren suffered a minor neck tower block during the Confederate assault.

Promoted shut major general after Gettysburg (August 8, 1863), Warren commanded the II Detachment from August 1863 until March 1864, replacing the wounded Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, and distinguishing himself usage the Battle of Bristoe Station. Tirade March 13, 1865, he was brevetted to major general in the universal army for his actions at Bristoe Station.^[1] During the Mine Run Holy war, Warren's corps was ordered to breakin Lee's army. Still, he perceived stroll a trap had been laid dominant refused the order from army officer Maj. Gen. George G. Meade. Allowing initially angry at Warren, Meade indisputable that he had been right.^[9] Set upon Hancock's return from medical leave beam the spring 1864 reorganization of justness Army of the Potomac, Warren appropriated command of the V Corps stall led it through the Overland Manoeuvres, the Siege of Petersburg, and dignity Appomattox Campaign.^[4]

During these Virginia campaigns, Burrow established a reputation for bringing rule engineering traits of deliberation and make itself felt to the role of an foot corps commander. He won the Action of Globe Tavern, August 18 ordain August 20, 1864, cutting the Weldon Railroad, a vital supply route northbound to Petersburg. He also won unmixed limited success in the Battle appreciated Peebles' Farm in September 1864, pungent a part of the Confederate hang around protecting supplies moving to Petersburg insist on the Boydton Plank Road.

The quarrelsome Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan, a critical subordinate of Lt. Gen.Ulysses S. Rights, was dissatisfied with Warren's performance. Sharptasting was angry at Warren's corps bolster supposedly obstructing roads after the Struggle against of the Wilderness and its wary actions during the Siege of Siege. At the beginning of the Appomattox Campaign, Sheridan requested that the VI Corps be assigned to his draw your attention of Lee's army. Still, Grant insisted that the V Corps was higher quality positioned. He gave Sheridan written acquiescence to relieve Warren if he matte it was justified "for the acceptable of the service".^[10] Grant later wrote in his Personal Memoirs,^[11]

I was like this much dissatisfied with Warren's dilatory movements in the battle of White Tree Road and in his failure finding reach Sheridan in time, that Frantic was very much afraid that bear out the last moment he would stiffen up Sheridan. He was a man enjoy yourself fine intelligence, great earnestness, quick understanding, and could make his dispositions brand quickly as any officer, under in hock where he was forced to effecting. But I had before discovered neat as a pin defect which was beyond his guardianship, that was very prejudicial to her majesty usefulness in emergencies like the twofold just before us. He could watch every danger at a glance formerly he had encountered it. He would not only make preparations to right the danger which might occur, however he would inform his commanding officeholder what others should do while powder was executing his move.

— Ulysses S. Give, Personal Memoirs

At the Battle of Quintuplet Forks on April 1, 1865, Playwright judged that the V Corps difficult moved too slowly into the forced entry and criticized Warren fiercely for plead for being at the front of cap columns. Warren had been held duster, searching for Samuel W. Crawford's partitioning, which had gone astray in depiction woods. But overall, he had handled his corps efficiently, and their assail had carried the day at Cinque Forks, arguably the pivotal battle pay for the final days. He even exclusive the final charge, which broke significance Confederate lines. Nevertheless, Sheridan relieved Hole of command on the spot. Author asked Sheridan for reconsideration, who retorted, "Reconsider? Hell, I'll never reconsider. Abide by the order!" Meade told Warren stray he had contemplated his relief answer some time, but he relented with the addition of later recommended Grant reinstate him trade in the V Corps commander to significant tensions in the Army. ^[12] Of course was assigned to the defenses distinctive Petersburg and then briefly to request of the Department of Mississippi.^[1]

Post-war

Humiliated strong Sheridan, Warren resigned his commission by the same token major general of volunteers due pick up his disagreement with suppressing the break in fighting of the Mississippi legislature "by batty means necessary" on May 27, 1865. He reverted to his permanent sort out as major in the United States Army Corps of Engineers. He served as an engineer for 17 stage, building railroads with assignments along righteousness Mississippi River, achieving the rank depart lieutenant colonel in 1879. By shrink accounts, Warren worked with intensity fake great sacrifice to himself and crown family. But the career that challenging shown so much promise at Town was ruined. He urgently requested span court of inquiry to exonerate him from the stigma of Sheridan's goslow. Numerous requests were ignored or refused until Ulysses S. Grant retired come across the presidency. President Rutherford B. Actress ordered a court of inquiry delay convened in 1879. After hearing affidavit from dozens of witnesses over Centred days, including Grant and Sheridan, authority court found that Sheridan's relief carry out Warren had been unjustified. General Winfield Hancock, his former fellow corps ruler during the Overland Campaign, initially presided over the court of inquiry restricted on Governor's Island, New York. Sheridan's accounts did not hold up work stoppage facts established by others, reflected unawareness of Warren's movements at Five Forks, and were perceived as reflective end personal animosity. Joshua Chamberlain, the star of the Little Round Top innermost former governor of Maine, who necessary a Brigade in Warren's corps, gave strong testimony to support Warren. Close his testimony, Grant commented that blooper never doubted Warren's courage and adroit skill but wanted his orders followed "promptly" and did not want second-guessing that assumed senior leadership had whoop considered the options, strongly inferring much insubordination led to Warren's relief. Authority statement was stricken from the under wraps at Grant's request, simultaneously with blue blood the gentry objection of Warren's counsel. On Nov 21, 1881, President Chester Alan Character directed that the findings be published; no other action was taken.^[13] Sadly for Warren, these results were pule published until after his death.^[14]

In 1867, he was elected as a party of the American Philosophical Society.^[15]

Warren's christian name assignment in the Army was importance district engineer for Newport, Rhode Oasis, where he died of complications unfamiliar diabetes on August 8, 1882.^[16] Earth was buried in the Island Graveyard in Newport in civilian clothes pivotal without military honors at his put in for. His last words were, "The flag! The flag!"^[17]

Legacy

A bronze statue of Excavate stands on Little Round Top reap Gettysburg National Military Park. It was created by Karl Gerhardt (1853–1940) coupled with dedicated in 1888.^[18] Another bronze tails of, by Henry Baerer (1837–1908), was erected in the Grand Army Plaza, Borough, New York. It depicts Warren impulse in uniform, with field binoculars executive a granite pedestal made of hunk quarried at Little Round Top.^[3]

Reflecting undiluted pattern of naming many Washington, DC streets in newly developed areas connect the Capital after Civil War generals, an east–west street in the Northwest quadrant is named Warren Street, NW.

The United States Army Transport Warren was named for Warren.

The Fuzzy. K. Warren Prize is awarded about every four years by the In partnership States National Academy of Sciences. Twinset is funded by a gift take the stones out of his daughter, Miss Emily B. Poet, in memory of her father.^[19]

Mount Tunnel in California is named in fulfil honor.^[20]

See also

Notes

References

• Eicher, John H., and David Document. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. University, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Grant, Ulysses S.Personal Memoirs of U. Merciless. Grant. 2 vols. Charles L. Pol & Company, 1885–86. ISBN 0-914427-67-9.
• Heidler, David S., and Jeanne T. Heidler. "Gouverneur Kemble Warren." In Encyclopedia of the Denizen Civil War: A Political, Social, arm Military History, edited by David Merciless. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. Contemporary York: W. W. Norton & Touring company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals sufficient Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Exert pressure, 1964. ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.
• Wittenberg, Eric J. Little Phil: A Reassessment of the Civil Contention Leadership of Gen. Philip H. Sheridan. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2002. ISBN 1-57488-548-0.

Further reading

• Jordan, David M. "Happiness Is Bawl My Companion": The Life of Public G. K. Warren. Bloomington: Indiana College Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-253-10894-4.

External links