Winnie madikizela mandela biography

South African activist and politician (1936–2018)

Winnie Madikizela-MandelaOLS MP (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936^[1] – 2 Apr 2018),^[2] also known as Winnie Mandela, was a South African anti-apartheid buff and the second wife of Admiral Mandela. A convicted kidnapper, she served as a Member of Parliament pass up 1994 to 2003,^[3] and from 2009 until her death,^[4] and was grand deputy minister of arts and the general public from 1994 to 1996. A associate of the African National Congress (ANC) political party, she served on interpretation ANC's National Executive Committee and spiteful its Women's League. Madikizela-Mandela was lay to her supporters as the "Mother of the Nation".^[5][6]

Born to a Nguni royal family in Bizana, and span qualified social worker, she married anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg delight 1958; they remained married for 38 years and had two children pinnacle. In 1963, after Mandela was immured following the Rivonia Trial, she became his public face during the 27 years he spent in jail. At hand that period, she rose to distinction within the domestic anti-apartheid movement. Madikizela-Mandela was detained by apartheid state contentment services on various occasions, tortured,^[7] subjected to banning orders, and banished achieve a rural town, and she bushed several months in solitary confinement.^[8]

In picture mid-1980s, Madikizela-Mandela exerted a "reign adherent terror", and was "at the core of an orgy of violence"^[9][10] problem Soweto, which led to condemnation beside the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa,^{[11][12][13][9]} and a rebuke by the ANC in exile.^[14][15] During this period, present home was burned down by denizens of Soweto.^[16] The Truth and Reconcilement Commission (TRC) established by Nelson Mandela's government to investigate human rights abuses found Madikizela-Mandela to have been "politically and morally accountable for the consummate violations of human rights committed uncongenial the Mandela United Football Club", subtract security detail.^[5][17] Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the necklacing of alleged police informers and segregation government collaborators, and her security promontory carried out kidnapping, torture, and murder,^[18][19][9] most notoriously the killing of 14-year-old Stompie Seipei^[5][20][21] whose kidnapping she was convicted of.^[22]

Nelson Mandela was released let alone prison on 11 February 1990, other the couple separated in 1992; their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his in reply illness.^[23] As a senior ANC emblem, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was pink-slipped from her post amid allegations time off corruption.^[10] In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was guilty of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics once returning several years later.^[3][4]

Early life mount education

Madikizela-Mandela's Xhosa name was Nomzamo. She was born in the village bank Mbhongweni,^[24]Bizana, Pondoland, in what is important the Eastern Cape province. She was the fifth of nine children, sevener sisters and a brother. Her parents, Columbus and Gertrude, who had topping white father and Xhosa mother,^[25] were both teachers. Columbus was a novel teacher and a headmaster, and Gertrude was a domestic science teacher. Madikizela-Mandela went on to become the mind girl at her high school amusement Bizana.^[26][27]

Upon leaving school, she went consent Johannesburg to study social work gorilla the Jan Hofmeyr School of Communal Work.^[28] She earned a degree worry social work in 1956, and decades later earned a bachelor's degree bed international relations from the University emancipation the Witwatersrand.^[29]

She held a number pay no attention to jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei; including with the Transkei government, direct at various points of time chimpanzee Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg. Her head job was as a social hand at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto.^[30]

Marriage tinge Nelson Mandela

Main article: Mandela family

Madikizela decrease lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Statesman in 1957, when he was undertake married to Evelyn Mase.^[31] She was 22 years old and standing rot a bus stop in Soweto during the time that Mandela first saw her and enthralled her, securing a lunch date prestige following week.^[23] The couple married hard cash 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (born 1959) and Zindziswa (born 1960). Mandela was arrested and jailed difficulty 1963 and was not released depending on 1990.^[32]

The couple separated in 1992. They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Sooner than the divorce hearing, Nelson Mandela uninvited Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could reclaim the marriage, and cited her amour as a cause of the divorce,^[33] saying "... I am determined to rattan rid of the marriage".^[33] Her demo to obtain a settlement up give somebody no option but to US $5million (R70 million) – half several what she claimed her ex-husband was worth – was dismissed when she useless to appear in court for exceptional settlement hearing.^[34]

When asked in a 1994 interview about the possibility of placation, she said: "I am not disorderly to be the country's First Lassie. In fact, I am not integrity sort of person to carry lovely flowers and be an ornament disparage everyone."^[35]

Madikizela-Mandela was involved in a court case at the time of her swallow up, claiming that she was entitled surrender Mandela's homestead in Qunu, through warranted law, despite her divorce from Admiral Mandela in 1996. Her case was dismissed by the Mthatha High Eyeball in 2016,^[36] and she was reportedly preparing to appeal to the Innate Court at the time of crack up death, after failing at the Principal Court of Appeal in January 2018.^{[37][38][39][10]}

Apartheid: 1963–1985

Winnie Mandela emerged as a dazzling opponent of apartheid during the gunshot part of her husband's imprisonment. Benefit to her political activities, she was regularly detained by the National Troop government. She was subjected to abode arrest, kept under surveillance, imprisoned, wallet banished to the remote town familiar Brandfort.^[23]

Her longest jailing was for 491 days (as noted in her record 491 Days: Prisoner Number 1323/69), prelude on 12 May 1969, at Pretoria Central Prison, where she spent months in solitary confinement,^[40] and was distressed and beaten.^[41] By her own chronicle, her experience in prison "hardened" her.^[41]

From 1977 to 1985,^[42] she was emigrant to the town of Brandfort tag on the Orange Free State and housebound to the area.^[8] It was deed this time that she became spasm known in the Western world. She organised a creche with a non-governmental organization, Operation Hunger^[43] and a health centre in Brandfort with Dr Abu Baker Asvat, her personal physician,^[44] campaigned dexterously for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a emblem of their struggle against apartheid.^[45] Stretch in exile in Brandfort, she, predominant those who attempted to assist her walking papers, were harassed by the apartheid police.^[46]

In a leaked letter to Biochemist Zuma in October 2008, outgoing Maestro of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC difficult to understand created for Nelson and Winnie Statesman, as representative symbols of the atrocity of apartheid:

In the context outandout the global struggle for the flee of political prisoners in our express, our movement took a deliberate choose to profile Nelson Mandela as description representative personality of these prisoners, title therefore to use his personal governmental biography, including the persecution of dominion wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to intersperse to the world and the Southerly African community the brutality of rank apartheid system.^[47]

Beaten by the apartheid the cops, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result commandeer a back injury caused by grandeur assault.^[8][48]

Violence and criminal proceedings

During a language in Munsieville on 13 April 1986, Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the practice of necklacing (burning people alive using rubber tyres filled with petrol) by saying: "With our boxes of matches and after everything else necklaces we shall liberate this country."^[49][10] Further tarnishing her reputation were accusations by her bodyguard, Jerry Musivuzi Thespian, and others, at the Truth tell Reconciliation Commission, that she had tidy kidnapping and murder during the in two shakes half of the 1980s.^[50][51][9]

Return to Metropolis and Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989

Madikizela-Mandela returned to Soweto from Brandfort manifestation late 1985, in defiance of undiluted banning order.^[52] During her banishment, birth United Democratic Front (UDF) and Coition of South African Trade Unions (CoSATU) had formed a mass-movement against apartheid.^[53][54] The new organisations relied more publicity on collective decision-making structures, rather get away from on individual charisma.^[53] She took spruce more militaristic approach, eschewing the shape of the newer bodies, and began dressing in military garb, and bordering herself with bodyguards: the Mandela Combined Football Club (MUFC).^[53] Living in Madikizela-Mandela's home, the putative "soccer team" began hearing family disputes and delivering "judgments" and "sentences", and eventually became relative with kidnapping, torture and murder.^[53] She was implicated in at least 15 deaths during this time period.^[55][54]

In 1988, Madikizela-Mandela's home was burned by pump up session school students in Soweto, in vengeance for the actions of the Solon United Football Club.^[56][53] By 1989, provision appeals from local residents,^[57] and care the Seipei kidnapping,^[53] the UDF (in the guise of the Mass Classless Movement, or MDM),^[53] "disowned" her rationalize "violating human rights ... in the reputation of the struggle against apartheid".^[11][14][58] Justness ANC in exile issued a demand for payment criticising her judgment after she refused to heed instructions issued from oubliette by Nelson Mandela to dissociate ourselves from the Football Club^[14] and provision attempts at mediation by an ANC crisis committee failed.^[59][12]

Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala

In November 1988, 21-year-old Lolo Sono, and his 19-year-old friend Siboniso Shabalala, disappeared in Soweto. Sono's father blunt he saw his son in put in order kombi with Madikizela-Mandela, and that enthrone son had been badly beaten. Sono’s mother claimed that Madikizela-Mandela had tagged her son a spy, and difficult said she was "taking him away". At the subsequent Truth and Pacification Commission hearings, Sono's stepmother said, armed conflict back tears, "I am pleading condemn Mrs Mandela today, in front hill the whole world, that please, Wife Mandela, give us our son cause offence. Even if Lolo is dead, gulch Mrs Mandela give us the relic of our son, so that surprise must bury him decently. Then make sure of, maybe, we can rest assured indicative that Lolo is buried here."^[60] Sono and Shabalala's bodies were exhumed let alone pauper's graves in Soweto's Avalon God`s acre in 2013, by the National Prosecuting Authority's Missing People's Task Team, obtaining been stabbed soon after their abductions.^[9]

Seipei and Asvat killings

Further information: Stompie Seipei, Abu Baker Asvat, and Paul Verryn

On 29 December 1988, Jerry Richardson, who was "coach" of the Mandela Allied Football Club, abducted 14-year-old James Seipei (also known as Stompie Moeketsi) celebrated three other youths from the sunny of Methodist minister Paul Verryn,^[61] do faster Richardson claiming that Madikizela-Mandela had excellence youths taken to her home in that she suspected the minister was sexually abusing them (allegations that were baseless^[17]). The four were beaten to conception them to admit to having locked away sex with the minister. Negotiations divagate lasted 10 days, by senior ANC and community leaders to get significance kidnapped boys released by Madikizela-Mandela failed.^[62] Seipei was accused of being break off informer, and his body later violent in a field with stab wounds to the throat on 6 Jan 1989.^[63][20][17]

In 1991, Mrs Mandela was utterly of all but the kidnapping imbursement Seipei.^[23] A key witness, Katiza Cebekhulu,^[64] who was going to testify mosey Madikizela-Mandela had killed Sepei, had anachronistic tortured and kidnapped to Zambia inured to her supporters prior to the exasperation, to prevent him testifying against her.^[18][65][17] Her six-year jail sentence was concentrated to a fine on appeal.^[66]

In 1992, she was accused of ordering birth murder of Abu Baker Asvat, trim family friend and prominent Soweto doctor,^[67] who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted but before he had been killed.^[68] Mandela's role in the Asvat carnage was later probed as part virtuous the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings in 1997.^[69] Asvat's murderer testified avoid she paid the equivalent of $8,000 and supplied the firearm used underside the killing, which took place world power 27 January 1989.^[70] The hearings were later adjourned amid claims that witnesses were being intimidated on Madikizela-Mandela's orders.^[71]

In a 2017 documentary about the perk up and activism of Madikizela-Mandela, former City police officer Henk Heslinga alleged put off former safety minister Sydney Mufamadi confidential instructed him to re-open the query into the death of Seipei, pass for well as all other cases straightforward against Madikizela-Mandela, for the purpose fair-haired charging Winnie with murder. According with regard to Heslinga, Richardson admitted during an meeting that Seipei discovered he was turnout informant, and that he killed position child to cover his tracks.^[72] Nevertheless, at a press conference a embargo days after Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, Mufamadi denied the allegations in the documentary, stating that Helsinga's statements were false.^[73][74] High-mindedness documentary had previously been described tough in a review by Vanity Fair as "unabashedly one-sided" and "overwhelmingly defensive".^[75] Commentator Max du Preez, called representation decision by television station eNCA appoint broadcast the documentary in the period prior to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral without ambiance a "serious mistake", and he stated doubtful it as making "outrageous claims",^[54] dimension former TRC commissioner Dumisa Ntsebeza tricky the motives of the documentary maker.^[76]

In January 2018, ANC MP Mandla, Admiral Mandela's grandson by his first helpmate, Evelyn Mase, called for Madikizela-Mandela's carve up in the Asvat and Seipei murders to be probed.^[77][78] In October 2018 a new biography of Madikizela-Mandela closed that she had been responsible carry the murder of Asvat.^[79]

In April 2018, Joyce Seipei, the mother of Stompie Seipei, told media that she exact not believe that Winnie Madikizela-Mandela was involved in her son’s murder.^[80] Subtract a subsequent interview with UK sheet The Independent, Joyce Seipei said ramble she had forgiven Madikizela-Mandela, and range during the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela locked away told her, in the context defer to her son Stompie's murder: "...may Deity forgive me".^[55] After the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela had provided financial support run into Joyce Sepei's family, and Seipei's voters was furnished by the ANC.^[55]

TRC findings

Further information: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)

The final report of the Story and Reconciliation commission (TRC), issued dash 1998, found "Ms Winnie Madikizela Solon politically and morally accountable for honourableness gross violations of human rights enduring by the Mandela United Football Club" and that she "was responsible, toddler omission, for the commission of admirable violations of human rights."^[17] The TRC report also stated that the commandeering to Zambia of the Sepei pestering witness Katiza Cebekhulu, where he was detained without trial for almost 3 years by the Kenneth Kaunda decide before moving to the UK,^[65] was done by the ANC and doubtful the "interests" of Madikizela-Mandela.^[17] The TRC found allegations against Methodist minister Thankless Verryn to be "unfounded and in need any merit" and that "Madikizela-Mandela expressly and maliciously slandered Verryn...in an shot to divert attention away from himself and [her] associates...". The TRC as well found that she was responsible symbolize the abduction of, and assaults percentage, Stompie Sepei, and that she challenging attempted to cover up his stain by claiming he had fled brave Botswana.^[17] She was found by interpretation TRC to be responsible for glory 1988 disappearance of Lolo Sono arena Siboniso Shabalala.^[9][17]

Transition to democracy: 1990–2003

During Southmost Africa's transition to multi-racial democracy, she adopted a far less conciliatory head to White South Africans and was considered to be as controversial in the same way her husband was before his arrest.^[22] She was seen on her husband's arm when he was released worship February 1990, the first time magnanimity couple had been seen in the upper classes for nearly 30 years.^[81]

Their 38-year consensus ended in April 1992 after whoop-de-do of unfaithfulness.^[82] Their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She then adoptive the surname "Madikizela-Mandela". Also in 1992, she lost her position as decency head of the ANC social happiness department, amid allegations of corruption.^{[83][25][10][84]}

Madikizela-Mandela campaigned for the ANC in South Africa's first non-racial elections.^[25] Appointed Deputy Clergyman of Arts, Culture, Science and Study in May 1994, she was unemployed 11 months later following allegations method corruption.^[85][86]

In 1995, prominent members of significance ANC Women's League, including Adelaide Tambo resigned from the National Executive Convention of that body because of discord with Madikizela-Mandela's leadership of the reason and amid a controversy about out large donation from Pakistani politician Benazir Bhutto that was not handed scan to the League by Madikizela-Mandela.^[87][88][89]

She remained extremely popular amongst many African Steady Congress (ANC) supporters. In December 1993 and April 1997, she was determine president of the ANC Women's Foil, although she withdrew her candidacy dispense ANC Deputy President at the movement's Mafikeng conference in December 1997.^[91] Bottom in 1997, she appeared before greatness Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Archbishop Desmond Tutu as chairman of the sleep recognised her importance in the anti-apartheid struggle but exhorted her to apologize and to admit her mistakes. Make happen a guarded response, she admitted "things went horribly wrong".^[92]

During the 1990s, she associated with the Israeli mafia blench in South Africa, which was intricate in extorting the local Jewish territory, and other criminal activity.^[93]

In 2002, Madikizela-Mandela was found guilty by a Conformist ethics committee of failing to betray donations and financial interests.^[94][95] Madikizela Statesman was often absent from Parliament, once in a while for months at a time scold was ordered by Parliament to deceive for her absences in 2003.^{[10][95][96][97]}

Withdrawal overexert politics: 2003–2007

In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela offered be required to act as a human shield previous to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[98] Also in 2003, she helped dull a hostage situation at Wits Installation, where a student who was regulate arrears with fees took a club member hostage at knifepoint.^{[99][100][101]}

On 24 Apr 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted on 435 counts of fraud and 25 scholarship theft, and her broker, Addy Moolman, was convicted on 58 counts holiday fraud and 25 of theft. Both had pleaded not guilty. The tax related to money taken from encroachment applicants' accounts for a funeral supply, but from which the applicants sincere not benefit. Madikizela-Mandela was sentenced to hand five years in prison.^[102] Shortly back end the conviction, she resigned from cessation leadership positions in the ANC, with her parliamentary seat and the position of the ANC Women's League.^[103]

In July 2004, an appeal judge of honourableness Pretoria High Court ruled that "the crimes were not committed for inaccessible gain". The judge overturned the proof of guilt for theft, but upheld the incontestable for fraud, handing her a tierce years and six months suspended sentence.^[104]

Return to politics

When the ANC announced glory election of its National Executive Congress on 21 December 2007, Madikizela-Mandela settled first with 2,845 votes.^[105][106]

Madikizela-Mandela criticised influence anti-immigrant violence in May–June 2008 delay began in Johannesburg and spread all the way through the country and blamed the government's lack of suitable housing provisions care for the sentiments behind the riots.^[7][107] She apologised to the victims of glory riots^[108] and visited the Alexandra parish. She offered her home as cover for an immigrant family from righteousness Democratic Republic of the Congo.^{[citation needed]} She warned that the perpetrators see the violence could strike at nobility Gauteng train system.^{[citation needed]}

Madikizela-Mandela secured 5th place on the ANC's electoral enumeration for the 2009 general election, carry on party president Jacob Zuma, President endorse South Africa Kgalema Motlanthe, Deputy PresidentBaleka Mbete, and Finance Minister Trevor Manuel. An article in The Observer insinuated her position near the top disbursement the list indicated that the party's leadership saw her as a valued asset in the election with interrupt to solidifying support among the party's grassroots and the poor.^[109]

Madkizela-Mandela was mainly sidelined by the ANC in interpretation post-apartheid period.^{[88][110][54]} Despite her status slightly an ANC MP over much shambles that period, she largely associated succumb non-ANC figures including Bantu Holomisa come first Julius Malema.^[110] Madikizela-Mandela was a factional patron of Malema, who was expelled from the ANC and later educated his own party, the Economic Autonomy Fighters.^[22]

2010 interview with Nadira Naipaul

In 2010, Madikizela-Mandela was interviewed by Nadira Naipaul. In the interview, she attacked see ex-husband, claiming that he had "let blacks down", that he was solitary "wheeled out to collect money", accept that he is "nothing more leave speechless a foundation". She further attacked monarch decision to accept the Nobel Tranquillity Prize with F. W. de Klerk. Among other things, she reportedly purported Mandela was no longer "accessible" perfect her daughters. She referred to Archbishop Desmond Tutu, in his capacity little the head of the Truth wallet Reconciliation Commission, as a "cretin".^[111]

The grill attracted media attention,^[112] and the ANC announced that it would ask ride out to explain her comments regarding Admiral Mandela.^[113] On 14 March 2010, grand statement was issued on Madikizela-Mandela's account claiming that the interview was first-class fabrication.^[114]

Death and funeral

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died fall out the Netcare Milpark Hospital in City on 2 April 2018 at nobility age of 81. She suffered be different diabetes and had recently undergone not too major surgeries.^[115] She "had been pluck out and out of hospital since integrity start of the year".^[2]

In the lead-up to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment^[54] soon after the fulfilment of former president Jacob Zuma,^[55]Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to "sit down and shut up", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that "anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime quite good guilty of treason".^[55]

Madikizela-Mandela was granted fine "Special Official Funeral" by the Southern African government.^[116] Her public funeral boasting was held at Orlando Stadium silhouette 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled make wet her daughters and Julius Malema, captain the ANC reportedly had to "fight for space" on the programme.^[117] Available the public service, ANC and Southbound African President Cyril Ramaphosa "acknowledged" ensure the ANC failed to stand dampen Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles.^[118] Julius Malema^[119] delivered an impassioned theatre sides in which he criticised the Common Democratic Front for distancing themselves free yourself of Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s.^[118] Malema very criticised members of the National White-collar Committee of the ANC Women's Compact for resigning in 1995,^[89] because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a "criminal".^[118] Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who "vilified" her mother, calling them hypocrites.^[120] Sustenance the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg as a private memorial service.^[118]

A number worry about ANC figures prepared to defend ourselves against the allegations made at justness funeral; however, the ANC urged "restraint".^[121]

In popular culture

Mandela was portrayed by Alfre Woodard in the 1987 HBO Television movie, Mandela. Woodard earned both wonderful CableACE Award and an NAACP Imitate Award for her performance, as upfront costar Danny Glover, who portrayed Admiral Mandela.^[122]

Tina Lifford played her in high-mindedness 1997 TV film Mandela and revision Klerk. Sophie Okonedo portrayed her jagged the BBC drama Mrs Mandela, final broadcast on BBC Four on 25 January 2010.^[123]

Jennifer Hudson played her barred enclosure Winnie Mandela, directed by Darrell Roodt, released in Canada by D Pictures on 16 September 2011. Roodt, Andre Pieterse, and Paul L. Johnson homespun the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life.^[124] The Creative Workers Uniting of South Africa opposed the arrogant of Hudson in the title put it on, saying the use of foreign touch to tell the country's stories disgruntled efforts to develop the national coating industry.^[125][126] Though the performances of Navigator and Terrance Howard, who portrayed Admiral Mandela, earned praise from many critics, the film was a critical essential commercial failure.

In 2007, an opus based on her life called The Passion of Winnie was produced give back Canada; however, she was declined trim visa to attend its world debut and associated gala fundraising concert.^[127]

Mandela was again portrayed in the 2013 disc Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom gross actress Naomie Harris (British actor Idris Elba played Nelson Mandela). On declaration the film, Madikizela-Mandela told Harris obsessive was "the first time she mat her story had been captured revert film". Gugulethu okaMseleku, writing in The Guardian, stated that the film abstruse returned Madikizela-Mandela to her rightful locus, recognising her role in "the struggle" that, "for South African women ... was more fundamental than her husband's."^[128]

Honours bear awards

In 1985, Mandela won the Parliamentarian F. Kennedy Human Rights Award advance with fellow activists Allan Boesak gain Beyers Naudé for their human uninterrupted work in South Africa.^[129] She agreed a Candace Award for Distinguished Unit from the National Coalition of Cardinal Black Women in 1988.^[130]

In January 2018, the University Council and University Sen of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, favourite the award of an honorary Physician of Laws (LLD) degree to Winnie Nomzamo Madikizela-Mandela, in recognition of disclose fight against apartheid in South Africa.^[131][132]

In 2021, the Mbizana Local Municipality quantity the Eastern Cape was officially renamed the Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Local Municipality.^[133] Rectitude town of Brandfort in the Liberated State was also officially renamed introduction Winnie Mandela.^[134]

In 2022, the section remove the R562 road connecting Midrand observe Olifantsfontein, was renamed from Olifantsfontein Road to Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Road by loftiness City of Ekurhuleni in Gauteng.^[135]

See also

References