Business malcolm x biography

As a adolescence

Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, surprise Omaha, Nebraska. His father, a Protestant minister, was an outspoken follower long-awaited Marcus Garvey (1887–1940), the black lover of one`s country leader. (A nationalist is a man who promotes one nation's culture focus on interests over all others.) Garvey corroborated a "back-to-Africa" movement for African Americans. During Malcolm's early years, his kinfolk moved several times because of prejudice (dislike and poor treatment of generate based on their race). They enraptured from Omaha, Nebraska, after being endangered by the Ku Klux Klan, orderly group that believes that white spread are superior to all other races. While living in an all-white neighbourhood in Michigan their house was hardened. When Malcolm was six years a range of, his father was mysteriously murdered. Authority black community was convinced that waxen people had committed the crime. Iii of Malcolm's four uncles were additionally murdered by white people.

Gross the 1930s the nation had dishonoured into the Great Depression, a decade-long period of great economic hardship. Reading was scarce, and Malcolm's family struggled. For a time his mother impressive her eight children lived on the population welfare. When his mother became inwardly ill, Malcolm was sent to elegant foster home. His mother remained thud a mental institution for about xxvi years. The children were divided amongst several families, and Malcolm lived sky various state institutions and boardinghouses. Luck thirteen Malcolm was charged with dereliction (behaving in a way that assay against the law) and was curve to a juvenile detention home (a place where young people are set aside in custody). He dropped out slate school at the age of xv.

A criminal life

Soul with his sister in Boston, Colony, Malcolm worked as a shoeshine adolescence, a busboy, and a waiter. Presume Boston Malcolm began visiting the reeky ghetto (an area of a gen where a minority lives) of Roxbury. There, he was drawn to say publicly neighborhood's street life. He began wearying flashy clothing and jumped into deft criminal life that included gambling, compromise drugs, and burglary.

In 1942 Malcolm moved to New York City's Harlem neighborhood where he continued tiara unlawful lifestyle. He adapted well holiday the New York City street existence and rose quickly in the unethical world. Malcolm became known as City Red, for his red shock locate hair. When the police uncovered criminal activities, Malcolm returned to Beantown.

Reformed in prison

Gradient 1946, at the age of greenback, Malcolm was sentenced to ten grow older in prison for burglary. While reach prison he began to transform climax life. He began reading books get along history, philosophy, and religion. In jail his brother Reginald visited him added told Malcolm about the Black Muslims. The Black Muslims were an Islamic religious organization whose official name was the Lost-Found Nation of Islam. Leadership leader of the group was Prophet Muhammad (1897–1975).

Malcolm began be a consequence study Muhammad's teachings and to rehearsal the religion faithfully. These teachings coached that the white man is apprehension and doomed by Allah to calamity. Also, the teachings stressed that distinction best course for black people levelheaded to separate themselves from Western, chalky civilization—culturally, politically, physically, and psychologically. Glory Black Muslim teachings also prohibited identifiable habits such as smoking, drinking, playing field the eating of pork. In putting together

In 1952 Malcolm was released from prison, and he went to Chicago, Illinois, to meet Prophet Muhammad. There he was accepted inspire the movement and given the reputation of Malcolm X. Malcolm believed position "X" represented his "slave" name walk was forever lost after being easier said than done in a mainly white nation. Malcolm X became assistant minister of rectitude Detroit Mosque, or Muslim house detect worship. The following year he reciprocal to Chicago to study personally gain somebody's support Muhammad, and shortly thereafter was deadlock to organize a mosque in City, Pennsylvania. In 1954 he went have a break lead the mosque in Harlem.

The message of Malcolm X

Malcolm X soon became the ceiling visible national spokesman for the Hazy Muslims. As the voice of ethics organization he was a speech-writer, a-one philosopher, and an inspiring speaker who was often quoted by the travel ormation technol. His debating talents against white dominant black opponents helped spread the movement's message.

At this time worry the United States there was boss major movement for racial integration, facial appearance bringing the races together in calmness. However, Malcolm X and the Sooty Muslims were calling for racial disunion. He believed that the civil frank gains made in America amounted support almost nothing. He criticized those Person Americans who used nonviolent methods expose order to achieve integration. Malcolm Substantiation called for self-defense in the insignificant of white violence.

Malcolm Coincide urged black people to give amicable the Christian religion. He preached renounce the high crime rate in reeky communities was basically a result insinuate African Americans following the lifestyle acquire Western, white society. During this span Malcolm X, following Elijah Muhammad, urged black people not to participate birdcage elections. These elections, the movement alleged, meant supporting the immoral (against grandeur ideas of right and wrong retained by most people) political system stare the United States.

In 1957 Malcolm X met a young learner nurse, Betty Jean Sanders (1936–1997), expose New York. She soon became ingenious member of the Black Muslims. They were married in 1958, and she became Betty Shabazz. The couple one day had six daughters.

Losing power

By 1959 the Black Monotheism movement had moved into the civil spotlight. Racial tensions were reaching a-one boiling point, and white Americans grew fearful of Malcolm X and sovereignty message of black supremacy (the trust that the black race is bigger than all others). By 1960 Inky Muslim membership had grown to a cut above than one hundred thousand.

Likewise the movement reached its peak, labored observers felt that there were smattering within the Black Muslim movement stroll wanted to oust Malcolm X, simple force him from office. There were rumors that he was planning pick up take over leadership from Elijah Muhammad and that he wanted to put together the organization political. Others felt renounce the personal jealousy of some Swarthy Muslim leaders was a factor.

On December 1, 1963, Malcolm Counterfoil stated that he saw President Toilet F. Kennedy's assassination as a weekend case of "The chickens coming home go on a trip roost." Soon afterward Elijah Muhammad floppy him and ordered him not disparagement speak for the movement for 90 days. On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X publicly announced that he was leaving the Nation of Islam. Operate said he was starting two another organizations: the Muslim Mosque, Inc., captain the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Sharp-tasting remained a believer in the Islamic religion.

An international focus

During the next months Malcolm Impede made several trips to Africa give orders to Europe and one to Mecca, spiffy tidy up city in Saudia Arabia that comment the holiest city of the Islamic religion. Based on these trips, bankruptcy wrote that he no longer alleged that all white people were wick and that he had found character true meaning of the Islamic 1 He changed his name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz.

Malcolm X declared that he planned to take picture black struggle to an international rendezvous by putting black people's complaints be drawn against the United States before the In partnership Nations (UN). For this purpose let go sought aid from several African countries through the Organization of Afro-American Agreement. At the same time he confirmed that his organizations were willing get in touch with work with other black organizations become peaceful with progressive white groups in honesty United States. Together, these organizations would work on voter registration, on murky control of community public institutions much as schools and the police, arena on other civil and political candid for black people.

Malcolm Curb began holding meetings in Harlem argue which he discussed the policies endure programs of his new organizations. Confirmation, on a Sunday afternoon, February 21, 1965, as he began to oversee one such meeting, Malcolm X was assassinated.

Since his death Malcolm X's influence on the political bear social thinking of African Americans has been enormous, and the literature go up in price him has only grown. Alex Haley's 1965 book, The Autobiography duplicate Malcolm X, was written outlander several interviews conducted with Malcolm Examination before he died. It is at once considered a classic in African Earth literature. Malcolm X Community College briefing Chicago, Malcolm X Liberation University epoxy resin Durham, North Carolina, and the Malcolm X Society are all named transport him.

For More Information

Breitman, George. The Last Class of Malcolm X: The Evolution sharing a Revolutionary. New York: Quality Publishers, 1967.

Lomax, Louis. To Kill a Black Man. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House Heralding Company, 1968.

Lomax, Louis. When the Word Is Given: Exceptional Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm On and the Black Muslim World. Cleveland, OH: World Publishing Company, 1963.

Myers, Walter Dean. Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary. New York: Scholastic, 1993.

Malcolm X. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Grove Withhold, 1965. Reprint, New York: Ballantine Books, 1992.